========================================================================= Date: Tue, 21 Mar 1995 21:08:29 -0800 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Catherine R. Williams" Subject: Re: Women in Christianity > Try Marina Warner's "Alone of All Her Sex: the Myth and the Cult of the Virgin Mary" Vintage Books. It has a great bibliography. I am doing research on the role of women in christianity. I am >particularly interested in information about women's role in the early >years of christianity. Does anyone know of sources I could use? > >Esperanza >Egomez@osf1.gmu.edu Catherine Williams Department of Library and Information Science, UCLA cwilliam@ucla.edu From there to here, from here to there, funny things are everywhere. Dr. Seuss ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 00:22:48 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Prema Oza." Subject: Re: Women in Christianity In-Reply-To: <199503212119.QAA00243@holmes.umd.edu> from "Esperanza Gomez" at Mar 21, 95 04:17:19 pm > > I am doing research on the role of women in christianity. I am > particularly interested in information about women's role in the early > years of christianity. Does anyone know of sources I could use? > > Esperanza > Egomez@osf1.gmu.edu > i too am doing research in women in chreistianity in india ie syrian orthodox or catholic. please respond privately... thanks -- "I am with them, she said/I in them as they in me/words and voices muted in helpless grief/words and voices shared in agony/words and voices that will ring again and again/even though you shoot down my friends and me/words and voices that will echo and resound." - Uma Parameswaran ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 08:48:58 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Jane Elza Subject: Re: PBS show on WOmen's Studies In-Reply-To: <199503210006.TAA03256@holmes.umd.edu> TBS had a show on women that was excellent last night. I don't know how to get a copy on video, but it is well worth getting. Dr. Jane Elza jelza@grits.valdosta.peachnet.edu Political Science Dept., Valdosta State University Valdosta, Ga. 31698 ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 08:10:48 CST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Nancy Whitt Organization: Samford University Subject: Re: Women in Christianity In-Reply-To: Message of Tue, 21 Mar 1995 14:28:10 -0800 from The standard work on women in early Christianity is Elisabeth Schussler Fiorenza's "In Memory of Her." Elaine Pagels (sp?) in "The Gnostic Gospels" and "Adam and Eve and the Serpent" is good, also and disagrees a bet with Schussler Fiorenza. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 09:51:23 -0400 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Marilyn Matzko Subject: Portrait of a Marriage Does anyone know how I can obtain the original version of this PBS video on Vita Sackville-West, Portrait of a Marriage? It was originally made in Australia, but only the edited version was shown in the US. Thanks, Marilyn Matzko@hugse1.harvard.edu ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 10:49:13 -0600 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Elaine Phillui Subject: transfer of subscription Please unsubscribe EPhillips@VAX2.Winona.MSUS.EDU and transfer it to AKFrazer@VAX2.Winona.MSUS.EDU Thank you Elaine Phillips and Amanda Frazer ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 10:42:22 CST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Taylor, Denise" Subject: Career Opportunities in Women Studies I am a novice to this list, so forgive me if my etiquette is lacking. I have been receiving messages for two days, and it appears that most people on this list work in universities. I have considered studying Women's Studies, but was wondering what type of career opportunities are available, other than academic positions, for someone with advanced education in Women's Studies? Please feel free to reply directly as well. Thank you very much for your time! Denise Taylor Deloitte&Touche dentaylor@dttus.com ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 11:57:15 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Dena Taylor Subject: Re: Women in Christianity Also check out In A Chariot Drawn By Lions by Asphodel Long. Has a good bibliography too. Dena Taylor dtaylor@aol.com ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 12:04:25 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Shawna Densmore Subject: Re: Women in Christianity Esperanza, In Memory of Her by E.S. Fiorenza is an excellent place to start. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 15:11:20 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Tamara Agha-Jaffar Subject: Re: Women in Christianity Try Elaine Pagels' The Gnostic Gospels. ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 13:01:18 -0800 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Judith Winter Subject: Re: Career Opportunities in Women Studies Denise, You wrote on "Women's Studies List" : > I have > considered studying Women's Studies, but was wondering what > type of career opportunities are available, other than > academic positions, for someone with advanced education in > Women's Studies? > > Denise Taylor > Deloitte&Touche > dentaylor@dttus.com As a former Touche Ross [before merger with then Deloitte, Haskins & Sells] person (Management Services), I am replying to you directly, with cc to list, as mycomments may spark further discussion. A few thoughts: Not knowing what level/area you are in, I'll be general. First, WS can be perceived as "broad education" [no pun intended, but I wouldn't be surprised if that does hit you at some time], i.e. part of "generalist" category. When I was there, a few of the most respected (and most intersting) accountants were people with unusual backgrounds, e.g. anthropology, e.g. a professional dancer (who, in late 20's, at end of ballet career, retrained in accounting). Second, what do you want to do (with your life)? Then, consider how WS could shape =how= you do it, rather than =whether= you do it. Third, if WS is your only degree,then you may be geared towards University path. Fourth, there is a lot of advocacy work to be done, for which WS is excellent background and preparation. Fifth, though these are all in the order in which my brainstorming has thought of them, rather than in any order of importance: Why do you want to study WS? i.e., sometimes youget a degree in what interests you "becasue" --then, if you find that youneed additional training/degree, go get it specifically for a goal. Sixth, sometimes it is useful to be realistic before undertaking a degree field, i.e. re what lies on the other side? However, the answer(s) to question(s) yield only =factors= to be included in any decisions. If you are at a questioning point in your life, what questions are you asking of yourself and of others, and is WS a likely place to =ask= those questions? I could write more on this, if you wish. In connection, Judith Winter island@whidbey.net ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 16:10:24 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: shelley park Subject: stats on publishing, teaching rates Thanks to all who responded to my request for information on comparative publishing rates and teaching loads of women and men. Although I'm still awaiting some sources via inter-library loan (eg. HERI report), I thought I'd forward what I have, since several seem interested: 1. Teaching duties fall disproportionately to women (surprised?) In 1989, 78% of women, compared to 67% of men claimed their primary activity was teaching (Carnegie Foundation) 2. Women are more likely to be assigned undergraduate classes. In 1989, 58% of women, but only 48% of men were teaching undergraduates exclusively. (Carnegie Foundation) 3. Women are better "campus citizens" (Carnegie Foundation 1990) In 1988, female faculty devoted a greater percentage of their time to service activities than men (U.S. Depart. of Education) 4. Women are more likely than men to engage in unpaid professional service (men's extra-institutional service is apt to be paid consulting) (US Depart of Ed, 1988) 5. Men publish more extensively than women. In 1988, the U.S. Dept of Ed reported that male faculty had published almost twice as many articles, chapters, books as women in the preceding two years. In 1989, the Carnegie Foundation found that (over their careers) 35% of men, but only 13 percent of women, had published 11 or more articles in professional journal; and that 49 percent of men, but only 36 percent of women had published or edited a book. Think there might be any connection between these facts? Shelley Park ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 15:55:24 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Melinda R. Michels" Organization: The American University Subject: Call for Papers--Lavender Languages III (this is being cross-posted--sorry for any inconvenience) CALL FOR PAPERS..................... Announcing the third annual conference on Lavender Languages and Linguistics, September 15-17, 1995, at the American University in Washington DC. The fall 1994 conference offered two full days of papers, workshops, and discussion sessions on lesbian/gay/bisexual uses of languages in conversation fiction, poetry, cinema, on-stage performance, bathroom graffiti, life- stories and elsewhere. This year's conference promises papers on a similar range of topics, and will also inclue a half-day session on language and queer theory. The planning committee invites anyone interested in discussing the importance of language--broadly defined--in lesbian/gay/bisexual/ transgendered experience to send a two-page abstract describing the intended presentation or performance to: Lav Lgs III c/o Dept. of Anthropology American University Washington DC 20016 Or message directly to 202.885.1837 (v-mail), 202.885.1837 (fax), or wlm@american.edu (e-mail). Deadline for receipt of abstracts is April 15, 1995. This is a no-attitude conference. Presentations by graduate students and undergraduates are especially welcomed. So are presentations from other people just beginning to explore the richness and diversity of lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgendered languages. We also particularly welcome submissions from women, people of color, women of color. The following is a preliminary program. More information will be available in late May. Information about on-campus housing and other logistics will also be available at that time. Jeff Masovksy (Temple U) Gay vs. Queer Political Rhetoric Joseph Marchesani(Penn State, McKeesport) Verbal and Visual Rhetoric in "Why Am I Gay" and "Out in America" Liz Morrish (U Nottingham on Trent) Falling Short of God's Ideal: Public Discourse about lesbians and gays. Steven Angelides (U Melbourne) Queering the logic of identity: Identity Politics and Bisexuality Kathleen O'Mara (SUNY College, Oneonta) and Liz Morrish - The Pragmatics of Outing Donald Rallis (Mary Washington) The Geography of Gay Urban Neighborhoods Ira Tattelbaum (Washington DC) Speaking to the Gay Bathhouse: Communicating in Sexually Charged Spaces William Leap (American) Language and the Gay City Sydney Marks (York) Speaking in Lesbian Tongues: An embodied (sem)erotics Jay Lempke (CUNY) Sexual Semiotics and the Politics of Bodies Marjorie Och (Mary Washington) Isn't it Obvious: Re-examining the Canon of Western Art Birch Moonwoman (Ohio State) The Lesbian Life Story Project Christian Mendenhall (American) The Language of Gay Spirituality Roger Streitmatter (American) History of the Lesbian/Gay Press in the USA Denis Provencher (Penn State) Gender and Language in Genet's Notre Dame des Fleurs and additional presentations promised from: Arnold Zwicky (Ohio State) Mindy Michels (American U) Martha Cummings (MonterayInstitute) Bethany Dumas (U Tennessee-Knoxville) and Kira Hall (Rutgers-Camden) and a Sunday morning free-for-all discussion of Language and Queer Theory ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 13:54:27 -0800 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Joan Gundersen Subject: careers In-Reply-To: <199503221720.MAA28481@holmes.umd.edu> I would like to recommend to all the readers of this list that they look at the new book based on a survey of women's studies majors. "Women's Studies Graduates: The First Generation" by Barbara F. Luebke and Mary Ellen Reilly. If you know people asking about careers and "life after school" issues, this is the first major study since 1980. The authors contacted 375 graduates from 43 women's studies programs. Eventually 95 majors filled out complete questionnaires. The range of fields they are now pursuing is very broad, and the book consists of summaries of the information from each participant grouped by occupational field. I am using it with women's studies advising at CSUSM. It also reinforces the findings of the NWSA study "The Courage to Question" that one of the major outcomes of a women's studies education is critical thinking. Joan Gundersen jrgunder@coyote.csusm.edu ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 17:17:44 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Ann Travers Subject: Cultural Divers. In-Class Activity - U.S. This is a long shot but I wanted to ask the list if anyone has a suggestion for an effective in-class activity on the topic of inequity & cultural diversity that I could use in my Women and American Ed. course. I teach at a rural campus with *very* little cultural diversity. Many thanks in advance. Ann Travers (Agtravers@aol.com) UCONN ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 18:25:30 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Anthony Avery Subject: Follow-up to men's syllabus My first time posting so I forgot to include some things that should have been at the bottom of my syllabus. That was my masters' project here at university at buffalo, american studies department. The course went very well with 14 students, gender balanced. Now I am teaching a victorian men and literature course. That syllabus will be posted shortly. I just want to make sure this syllabus got up alright. Looking for correspondence from other instructors/professors who have taught similar "men's studies" courses. Anthony Paul Avery IN%"v108jqur@ubvmscc.buffalo.edu" peace out ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 19:48:31 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Katherine Side Subject: Mothers' activism - list Many thanks to all those who responded to my request for information about Mother's activism. I am thrilled about people's willingness to share information and knowledge. I have also received many requests asking me to share this information with list subscribers, so here is what I have received to date: Mother's Activism: 1. The Moscow based, Committee for Soldiers' Mothers. This group has voiced protest over the war, has helped to hide deserters, assisted mothers in travelling to Grozny to collect their sons, as well as organising protests ouside of the Kremlin. This group actually became active during the Afghan war and are winners of the Geneva based International Peace Bureau prize, 1995. 2. Mothers of the Plaze de Mayo, Bueno Aires, Argentina 3. COMADRES, loosely translated as "Committee of Mothers of the Disappeared" El Salvador 4. Grupo de Apoyo Mutuo, in Guatemala 5. In Brazil, a mother's human rights group that has been active fighting against the military dictatorship and fighting against human rights violations. 6. In Kenya, in 1991-92, as the country's first multiparty elections were underway the mothers of political prisoners were quite important and active demonstrators. They staged a hunger strike sit-in in Nairobi's Uhuru Park. 7. Mothers In Silence/Parents In Silence, Israel. I got mixed responses around the name of this group. Jessie Montrell in "Israeli Identities: The Military, The Family & Feminism" BRIDGES vol. 2, no. 2. Fall 1991 says: "In certain instances, women organizing politically have benefitted from the familistic orientation of Israeli society. Parents Against Silence one of the two anti-war movements demanding immediate withdrawl of Israeli troops from Lebanon in 1983-84 came to be known as Mothers Against Silence because the majority of the members and leaders were women." (p. 104) Also a suggestion to see the chapter by Nurit Gilath in Swirski and Safir (1993, 1991) Calling the Equality Bluff: Women in Israel Suggested Readings - Mothers' Activism: 1. Hypatia issue on Feminism and Peace 9(2) Spring, 1994. Edited by Karen Warren and Duane Cady 2. Rocking the Ship of State, Harris, Adrienne and Ynestra King, Westview Press 3. Women and Peace, Pierson, Ruth 4. Women and Social Protest, West, Guida and Rhoda Blumberg 5. Women's Voices in Peace Psychology: A Feminist Agenda. In Peace and Conflist: Journal of Peace Psychology, 1 (1) pp. 67-84. (1995) 6. On Peace, War and Gender: A CHallenge to Genetic Explanations, Hunter, Anne [Ed.] 1991 New York, The Feminist Press. 7. Temma Kaplan's article about what she calls "motherist movements" in Barcelona Feminist Consciousness and Collective Action: The Case of Barcelona 1910-1918 SIGNS, 1982, vol. 7 no. 3. Once again, thanks for the enthusiastic response!! Katherine Side klside@vm1.yorku.ca ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 20:23:00 -0500 Reply-To: Miriam Pollock Sender: Women's Studies List From: Miriam Pollock Subject: Re: "us versus them" mentality In-Reply-To: <199503172129.QAA31866@holmes.umd.edu> Ms. Patai, I was just curious about your post. Did you attempt to engage in such a discussion on this list? I noticed some of the disagreements with your book centered around the relative absence of WSlistserv women's opinions. In the book, mentions of the list's comments (as I remember them) were cited as anonymous and did not seem to reflect the ongoing debates (many of which Joan K. stops short) that occur daily on this list. Perhaps addressing your concerns within the feminist community on the list would stimulate discussion better than the apparent dismissal of women's studies as a field of study (I read your book and that seemed to be your conclusion; I may have misunderstood). Miriam mpollock@freenet.columbus.oh.us @..@ (----) ( >__< ) ^^ ~~ ^^ On Fri, 17 Mar 1995, DAPHNE PATAI wrote: > The "us versus them" mentality too often fostered by feminism > (including academic feminism) is addressed at some length in my book > (with N. Koertge) Professing Feminism--a book that was rather dismissed by > the few folks on this list who commented on it some time back. It was > quite instructive to see the absence of any serious discussion of the > book on this list. Of course it's easier to dismiss than to analyze > (as we tried to do with the ills of feminism). Daphne > -- > ====================== > Daphne.Patai@spanport.umass.edu ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 17:33:38 -0800 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Spider Granddaughter Subject: Re: Follow-up to men's syllabus In-Reply-To: <199503222326.SAA10046@holmes.umd.edu> On Wed, 22 Mar 1995, Anthony Avery wrote: Looking for correspondence from > other instructors/professors who have taught similar "men's studies" courses. > > Anthony Paul Avery > I just have to ask: aren't most "studies" "men's" studies anyway? ;-) "Out flew the web, and floated wide" Theresa ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 20:59:02 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Katherine Side Subject: Re: Mothers' activism - list In-Reply-To: Message of Wed, 22 Mar 1995 19:48:31 EST from An addition of the list on mother's activism : M.A.D.D. Mothers Against Drunk Driving in the U.S. Katherine Side klside@vm1.yorku.ca ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 21:12:59 EST Reply-To: thkunder@stserv.indstate.edu Sender: Women's Studies List From: thkunder Subject: Re: stats on publishing, teaching rates Shelley (et al), Very interesting stats. Though I'm certain that gender inequities have a lot to do with the discrepancies, I have one other thought that might help explain (though I don't know from your post whether these stats. are for equal rank (e.g. assistant profs. vs. assistant profs). Perhaps part of this has to do with women faculty being younger than male faculty (as women have only recently become a large percentage of the academic faculty). This would, I believe, help explain at least 4 out of the 5 discrepancies: 1. younger faculty tend to see teaching as more important b/c of trends in hiring and goals of colleges. 2. younger faculty tend to be assigned more undergrad courses 3. younger faculty (= those searching for tenure) are likely to do more "extra-teaching" activities on campus. 4. (and this is the weakest of my proposals), perhaps older faculty have bigger reputations and can therefore get money for their services (perhaps also more men are in areas like economics, business and law where monetary remuneration is expected for consultation) 5. Older faculty have had more time than younger to get work published. Now all of these ideas are invalid if the comparisons you cite are at some single-rank comparison (and thus years of service will be approx. the same). If however faculty as a whole were polled, I believe my thoughts might help explain what's going on--not completely, by any means, but at least a bit. John Kundert-Gibbs ========================================================================= Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 22:40:46 CST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Mary Todd Subject: Re: PBS show on WOmen's Studies In-Reply-To: Message of Wed, 22 Mar 95 16:43:02 CST from Yes, while surfing after during Nightline I noticed it, and checked in the TV magazine to see that it was a rerun of the Turner series "A Century of WOmen," a six-hour series that ran last fall. When I was putting together the women's history film festival for Women's History Month here, I asked the AV library to consider ordering it and Joyce did. Very well done. I have my own pirated copy from the first run if you're interested. /M ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 00:13:29 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Chris Delboni Organization: The American University Subject: Gender and mind Does anybody know of any recent studies on gender differences in terms of brain and intelligence? A few weeks ago, a major Brazilian publication has reported on "men's advanced intelligence" in relation to women, and a different publication has asked me to research the contradictory studies. If anybody has any leads, please send it to me directly, not to the list: Thanks a lot in advance, Chris ps: Thanks again to all those who responded to my inappropriate request for help in terms of Service Master. I would like to also publicly apologize to Joan for sending the previous request, though I've already done it privately. She does an excellent job, and from all the lists I have subscribed through the years, the wmst-l is the one I have always kept -- probably because it's so well managed. Thanks to Joan. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 12:03:23 +0200 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Marilyn Safir Subject: Re: Mothers' activism - list In-Reply-To: <199503230116.UAA26651@holmes.umd.edu> Hi, just wanted to clarify the confusion about the name of the Israeli Group 'Parents/Mothers against Silence'. Their official name was always 'Parents', the press quickly called them 'Mothers', even tho they always called themselves "Parents.' The group always tried to have at Least 1 father present at all their press conferences. The movement was always woman run. It is very interesting as to why these women always felt that they had to call themselves Parents - when infact most men had minimal invovment. Women actually compose at least 50% of most of the over 100 Peace Movements in Israel all tho this was the only group that emphasized Paerenthood. It was always obvious that they were mostly Mothers and no suprise that the press quickly began to refer to the group as such. Th never used "of" but "Against Silence" as this was the first group that 'broke" the unwritten law that Israelis never publicaly protest a military action/war, without experiencing negative reactions from public and press. For those interested in women and peace movements there is an other chapter in Swirski & Safir (1993,1991) "Calling the Equality Bluff:Women in Israel", by (now) M.P. Noami Hazan who was elected to the Knesset on a Party list that campaigned on Both Peace and Recognition of the PLO Platform. Nurit GilLath actually did in depth research on the first group including an analysis as to why all the women who were active dropped their activism, (in part because they were only prostest aganst Israel's presence in Lebanon and they had no feminist or p0liticaL agenda.) Marilyn Safir ************************************************************************ * Marilyn P. Safir, PhD Internet: msafir@psy.haifa.ac.il * * Associate Professor Telephone: 972-4-240929/21w /245223/022h * * Department of Psychology Fax: 972-4-240966 * * UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA Telex: 46660 UNIHA * * Haifa 31905, Israel Bitnet: RSPS332@HAIFAUVM.bitnet * ************************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 08:21:58 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Patricia Johnson Organization: University of Dayton Subject: INTERNSHIP FOR YOUNG WOMAN I have a student (Philosophy-sociology doule major with a minor in women's studies--finishing a BA next fall) who will be in the Washington, DC area this summer and is interested in an internship with a women's organization. I would welcome suggestions to give her. Reply to johnsonp@chekov.hm.udayton.edu ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 07:28:55 CST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Stephanie Riger Subject: Re: PBS show on WOmen's Studies In-Reply-To: Message of Wed, 22 Mar 1995 22:40:46 CST from This is great. Would you send a message to the commmittee about the series and how one goes about getting it? (You can just send the message to me and I'll forward it to the wsc if you'd like) Thanks, S. PS WOuld you mock up a dummy of the retreat invitation - working off an old one which we should have in the files. We need not send it out in advance - just have a few copies for people to look at at the next wsc meeting. Thanks. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 07:44:06 -0600 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Shirley Scritchfield Subject: Re: stats on publishing, teaching rates In-Reply-To: <199503230213.VAA22621@holmes.umd.edu> John... I agree that age should account for many of the differences found between women and men faculty. However, when we check that out on our campus...after finding the same things...age/rank did NOT account for the differences to any significant account. Shirley * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Shirley A. Scritchfield Ofc: (402) 280-2535 * * Sociology & Anthropology Fax: (402) 280-4731 * * Creighton University Home: (402) 341-0986 * * Omaha, NE 68178 shirls@creighton.edu * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * "The darkened eye restored, every member rejoices with it." --Anna Julia Cooper, 1892 ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 09:30:09 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Katherine Side Subject: Graduate Women's Studies Conference I would like to announce the following conference, specifically dealing with Graduate Women's Studies: Graduate Women's Studies: Visions and Realities Friday & Saturday, May 26-7, 1995. York University, North York (Toronto) Canada The programme includes: Workshop - "Unshaping the Field: Graduate Women's Studies & the Un-disciplined Un-canon" Session - Disciplinarity/Interdisciplinarity: Which Route(s) to Take? Session - Issues in Curriculum Development Plenary Session - Globabl Perspectives on Graduate Women's Studies Session - Models for Programme Development Entertainment - Feminist Cabaret Session - Graduate Women's Studies in the Heartland: Breaking Ground for a PH.D. Programme in Feminist Studies at the University of Iowa, Panel Discussion Session - The Graduate Women's Studies Classroom Session - Making Feminist Spaces: The Problems of Programme Development Plenary Session - Sunera Thobani, President, National Action Committee on the Status of Women Session - Professional Development for Students Session - Action-Oriented Research We plan to publish a volume of essays based on conference papers, so as to bring enquiry from Graduate Women's Studies: Visions and Realities to wider audiences. We believe this document will assist programmes in continuing the Conference work of reflection about matters of curriculem, programme development, pedagogy, action-oriented research, and professional development for students. Pre-registration recommended. For further information, or enquires about child care, please contact: Conference Assistant c/o Graduate Programme in Women's Studies N909, Ross Building York University 4700 Keele Street North York, Ontario Canada M3J 1P3 E-mail: Campbell@VM2.YorkU.ca ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 09:54:37 -0500 Reply-To: Sheryl Nestel Sender: Women's Studies List From: Sheryl Nestel Subject: classroom exercise on cultural diversity This is in response to Ann Travers request for a classroom activity around cultural diversity. I have had great success with an activity called the *flower of power*. The beauty of this exercise is its ability to show that identity is relational and that people can be situated simultaneously within opprressed and oppressor categories. It requires a large sheet of paper on which you must draw a flower with a circle at its center and 12 petals. Each petal is composed of three overlapping petals of ascending sizes. You can assign categories to each of the petals such as gender, sexuality, race, citizenship, family status, body size, language, geographical location,class, etc.; these are written on the small petal closest to the center. For the next petal you solicit from the class the group that they feel is the dominant one for that category. This is a discussion that needs to be handled with some skill. Finally the students are given colored dots and must locate themselves on the chart in relation to the dominant categories.Students of course are advised that they may not wish to disclose certain aspects of their positionality and that it is ok not to do so - the emphasis here is on making sense of groups although understandings about individual postioning do emerge. The resulting chart allows for discussion of the nature of your group and of power relations in society in general in a way that recognizes various dimensions of identity. The reference for this activity is Educating for a Change by Rick Arnold, et.al. between the lines and Doris Marshall Institute publishers , Toronto, 1991. Sheryl Nestel snestel@oise.on.ca ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 10:45:59 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Christine Plumeri Subject: Women in K 9 Law Enforcement Careers I am currently working on a paper on women who work in with K-9 in law enforement careers (either federal, state, local, etc.). I would welcome any and all suggestions on available literature, data, contact persons, etc. Please respond DIRECTLY TO ME (not the list as I see so many times here...) at the following e-mail address: cplumeri@acspr1.acs.brockport.edu or: Christine Plumeri Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice SUNY Brockport 350 New Campus Drive Brockport, NY 14420 (716)395-5496 I thank all who help out in advance for their time and willingness to help! . ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 12:17:14 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: nancy o'neill Subject: Re: Request for novel suggestions In-Reply-To: <199503211829.NAA10871@holmes.umd.edu> I would suggest also looking at Jane Smiley's Thousand Acres for issues of gendered worlds of work and family, and the particular emphasis on inter-generational relationships, child sexual abuse, and the multiple perspectives on family situations to be had by different family members (e.g., older vs. younger sisters) Nancy O'Neill ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 12:48:36 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Tonja Wilt Subject: Women's organizations Does anyone know of any U.S. based women's organizations with projects or relations with the countries of the former Soviet Union? Also, does a general directory of women's organizations in the U.S. exist? I am a second year master's student in international studies working on a thesis regarding women in Ukrainian politics. Much of my work will be based on materials gathered from 6-months of research in Odessa and Kiev. I am aware of Martha Bohachevsky Chomiak's historical approach to women's organizations in Ukraine, but I am looking for someone who is doing more contemporary work. Any suggestions? Please send any replies to: tmw100g@oduvm.cc.odu.edu Tonja Wilt ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 12:00:51 -0600 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Angie Crouch Subject: unsubscribe I can't get off this list, I've tried everything! I don't have time, or the file space for all the mailings. Please help me, Thank you...Angie W. Crouch ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 13:03:55 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Yves Dellphin Subject: Re: PBS show on WOmen's Studies CAN I PLEASE HAVE A COPY OF THE TAPE " A CENTURY OF WOMEN"? ***************************************************************** * Yves Max Delphin | Ph: 201-200-2005 * * Jersey City State Coll. | * * Jersey City NJ 07309. | E-MAIL YVES@JCS1.JCSTATE.EDU * * | OR YVES@JCS2.JCSTATE.EDU * * OR YVES@JCS3.JCSTATE.EDU * * ****************************************** * * L I V E L O N G AND P R O S P E R IN THE NEXUS !!! * ***************************************************************** THANKS ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 13:41:41 -0600 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Brenda Dillard Subject: SEMINAR - "WOMEN OF COLOR - KEYS TO CHANGE" If this is the wrong list - please, I apologize! TITLE: "CHOSEN VESSELS: WOMEN OF COLOR - KEYS TO CHANGE" DESCRIPTION: To provide an understanding that will assist participants in turning the tide of evil in our families, community and nation. Also an opportunity to begin and continue a "healing process" for and between ALL women. Child care provided at no charge. DATE & TIME: Saturday, April 1, 1995 - 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. FEE: No Charge LOCATION: Iowa Central Community College, Voc Tech Building - rooms 1 & 2, Fort Dodge, Iowa For more information, questions, registrations, etc. you may contact me at my e-mail address or call 1-800-362-2793 (Iowa only) or 515-576-7201, ext. 2323. Thank you ---Brenda Dillard ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 15:25:54 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Nancy San Martin Subject: antonia pozzi query URGENTLY NEEDED: any bibliographical info on Antonia Pozzi, 20th-C Italian poet. Respond privately to Nancy San Martin, U of Miami at nancysm@umiami.ir.miami. edu ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 23:03:28 +0200 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Dafna Izraeli Subject: Women in Pharmacy I am doing a study of women's entry into the pharmacy profession in Israel and would greatly appreciate references to the development of pharmacy as a profession and women's entry into it. Thank you. Dafna Izraeli Dept. of Sociology Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel Email: Izraeli@ashur.cc.biu.ac.il Fax: 972-3-6417459 ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 16:11:10 -0800 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Esther Skirboll Subject: Re: Women in Christianity You wrote: > >I am doing research on the role of women in christianity. I am >particularly interested in information about women's role in the early >years of christianity. Does anyone know of sources I could use? > >Esperanza >Egomez@osf1.gmu.edu > > Have you looked at A History of God by Karen Armstrong, 1993/Alfred Knopf, Inc.? ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 22:21:00 EDT Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Joan Korenman Subject: 3 women-oriented WWW sites The following three relatively new World Wide Web sites offering information on women's issues may be of interest to WMST-L subscribers: 1) Community Breast Health Project The Community Breast Health Project (CBHP) of Palo Alto, California, is now on the web at: http://www-med.stanford.edu/CBHP/ The mission of the CBHP is to improve the lives of people touched by breast cancer by acting as a clearinghouse for information and support, providing volunteer opportunities for breast cancer survivors and friends dedicated to helping others with the disease, and serving as an educational resource and a community center for all who are concerned about breast cancer and breast health. The Community Breast Health Project is grassroots, patient-driven, and committed to providing services free of charge. ************************************************* 2) The Pheminist Cyber RoadShow, based in Austria and written in German and English, offers much valuable information about online resources for German-speaking women. The URL is http://www.oeh.uni-linz.ac.at:8001/~lisa/index.html ************************************************* 3) SafetyNet Domestic Violence Online Resources SafetyNet is a Web site that contains domestic violence statistics, bibliographies, a domestic violence handbook that includes a warning list and safety plan, and other help resources and lists. The URL is: http://www.interport.net/~asherman/dv.html SafetyNet is also an interactive forum on issues of violence against women located on Women's Wire commercial online service and was host to a cross-country domestic violence online conference last December. For more information, you can email asherman@interport.net or call 212-642-8012 (New York). ********************************************** These and other WWW sites focusing on women's studies/women's issues are all reachable from the UMBC Women's Studies Web page. The URL for this section is http://www-unix.umbc.edu/~korenman/wmst/links.html . If all this seems like gibberish to you, ask the computer support people on your system for help. Joan Korenman Internet: korenman@umbc2.umbc.edu Bitnet: korenman@umbc ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 22:39:00 CST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Phyllis Holman Weisbard Subject: Re: Women in Pharmacy Shalom, Dafna, We have done a bibliography on the HISTORY OF WOMEN IN SCIENCE, HEALTH, AND TECHNOLOGY: A BIBLIOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO THE PROFESSIONS AND THE DISCIPLINES (2nd. ed., 1993) that has a (short) section on women in pharmacy. It is available free as a bound book, or you can find it on our Internet site if you have access to telnet, gopher or a world wide web browser. Gopher or telnet to the University of Wisconsin Madison, wiscINFO. wisc.edu and select successively Library Catalogs and Services Journal and Information Databases UW System Women's Studies Librarian's Office Wis. Bibliographies in Women's Studies History of Women and Science... [The pharmacy section I think is in the "Health and Biol." part, or "Women in the Health Professions" -- I can't access the gopher menus at the same time I'm writing this -- or you can do a search for the term PHARMACY and you should be able to find it. The World Wide Web address for our part of the libraries gopher is gopher://silo.adp.wisc.edu:70/11/.uwlibs/.womenstudies If you'd like a copy of the bound book, email me back with your full mailing address, and if you can't get into the gopher site any of the ways I mentioned, let me know and I'll figure out some other way to get the pages to you. I wish I had Hebrew capability on my computers, because I know Hebrew and it would be fun to try to answer this b'Ivrit. I'm sure my vocabulary would be nonexistent in all the computereze, however... Phyllis Phyllis Holman Weisbard (608) 263-5754 Women's Studies Librarian pweis@wiscmacc (Bitnet) University of Wisconsin System pweis@macc.wisc.edu (Internet) Room 430 Memorial Library 728 State Street, Madison, WI 53706 ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 24 Mar 1995 12:04:05 +0000 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Lisa Schwartz <9317721s@UDCF.GLA.AC.UK> Subject: Re: Women in Christianity In-Reply-To: <28324.199503221904@lenzie.cent.gla.ac.uk> from "Esperanza Gomez" at Mar 21, 95 04:17:19 pm Hello, My name is Lisa Schwartz, I am a PhD student at the university of Glasgow, but am originally from Canada. Before I left Canada I taught a philosophy class called The Metaphysisc and Epistemology of Witch-craft at the U. of Western Ontario, we covered a great deal of interesting information on women in Christianity. I do not have the references with me here, but you might try starting with The Malleus Malificarum by Kramer and Sprenger, it has some truly hair-raising biblical quotes in the passage on why women are more likely to succumb to withcraft than men. Also, The National Film Board of Canada has a useful short film called the Burning Times which I found very interesting. I hope this is of some use to you. Lisa Schwartz 9317721s@udcf.gla.ac.uk > > I am doing research on the role of women in christianity. I am > particularly interested in information about women's role in the early > years of christianity. Does anyone know of sources I could use? > > Esperanza > Egomez@osf1.gmu.edu > ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 24 Mar 1995 09:10:00 -0700 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Karen Kidd Subject: Re: Women in Christianity In reply to Esperanza's request for works about women's role in early Christianity, I want to add my "seconds" to the earlier suggestions that she look at Elisabeth Schussler Fiorenza's *In Memory of Her* (which is the classic text in this area), and at Elaine Pagels' *Gnostic Gospels.* A more recent book (and one which is helpful to specialists while being accessible to readers who have little previous background) is Karen Torjesen's *When Women Were Priests* (1993). Elizabeth Clark's *Women in the Early Church* provides a good overview, and her essays/translations published as *Jerome, Chrysostom, and Friends* supplies useful primary text materials (though you might want to look at Rosemary Rader's *Breaking Boundaries: Male/Female Friendship in Early Christian Communities* as additional background for the texts Clark has chosen). If you're interested in shorter works, you'll find some helpful essays on the early church in *Searching the Scriptures,* which Elisabeth Schussler Fiorenza just edited (1993? 1994?). Thumb through back issues of *Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion,* too. Hope this helps. Good luck with your project! -- Karen Kidd The Claremont Graduate School kkidd@rocky.claremont.edu ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 24 Mar 1995 13:16:50 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: pat ulbrich Subject: Re: PBS show on WOmen's Studies In-Reply-To: Message of Mon, 20 Mar 1995 15:59:51 PST from The PBS program is "Century of Women." It is 3-2 hour segments on work & family, sexuality & social justice, image & culture. It's available from Turner Home Entertainment (800-430-8585), the cost is $49.98+S&H. There's also a book that accompanies it, the cost is $29.98+S&H. I have used the first two segments in sociology of women class; it worked well for that purpose. ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 24 Mar 1995 13:34:07 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: JAY PROSSER Subject: Leigh Gilmore Does anyone know Leigh Gilmore's e-mail address? Please respond privately to: ajp@cunyvms1.gc.cuny.edu Thanks ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 24 Mar 1995 14:40:00 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: lg71 Subject: Feminist Spirituality Festivals Greetings, Those engaged in research related to feminist spirituality may be interested in these two festivals: In Gaia's Lap--The Maryland Womyn's Gathering, May 19-21; and Womongathering: The Festival of Womyn's Spirituality, June 15-18, in New York. If you'd like information, please contact me--and not the List--directly; thanks. (Also, I will be presenting research on these festivals/the feminist spirituality movement on a panel at NWSA and would like to hear from others interested who will be there. Thanks.) (Laura) Suzanne Gordon ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 24 Mar 1995 15:02:04 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Merryl Reichbach Subject: Re: agent provocateurs In-Reply-To: <199502221402.JAA00490@holmes.umd.edu> I'm glad you like it: tarot is the way to go! ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 24 Mar 1995 14:51:59 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: shelley park Subject: stats of publishing, teaching rates john, shirley, joanne (and others) You are, of course, right that there are a number of variables involved in the discrepancies in teaching, service and publishing rates for women and men. Women's higher teaching rates (and hence, I would argue, lower publishing rates) are explained _in part_ by the fact that they are predominantly clustered in lower ranks and, moreover, at less "prestigous" (read less research-oriented) institutions. I think one could also speculate (and I have in a manuscript I'm revising) that this is also partly explained by their being predominantly clustered in particular disciplines (English, Health fields, Education). But, these variable do not completely explain the gender gap. While gender differences are less pronounced when these variables are taken into consideration, they do not disappear. When rank and institutional type are held constant the same general pattern still emerges. Interestingly, the most pronounced difference in teaching rates holds between female and male assistant professors at doctoral institutions: Here women spend 50% of time on teaching and 22% on research, whereas men spend 42% on teaching and 30% on research. When rank and program area are held constant, the overall pattern still emerges too. Here the most pronounced gender gap occurs between assistant professors in "professional programs" (business, education, engineering, health sciences), where women spent 53% of their time teaching and 15% on research and men spent 42% of their time teaching and 26% on research. (Of course, there are obvious gender distribution problems in lumping these "professional programs" together) With regard to publishing rates of women and men: when rank and institutional type is held constant, the only exception to the rule that men publish more than women concerns full professors at doctoral institutions. These women had averaged 7.4 publications in the 2 preceding years, compared to men's average of 6. In general, the lower the rank, the more likely men were to be outpublishing women: At doctoral institutions, male assistant professors averaged 4.2 publications over the two year period, while women averaged 2.2. For non-tenure track faculty, the respective averages were 2.1 and 0.5. Re service: again when rank and institutional type are held constant women still appear to spend more time on service (and unpaid professional activities) than men. All of this can be found in the U.S. Department of Ed, _Profiles of Faculty in Higher Education Institutions, 1988. The Carnegie Foundation report is less good at separating out these variables. I would argue that women's higher teaching loads and greater service (no doubt explained in part as someone suggested by the fact they're sought out as "representatives" on various committees), contribute to their lower "research productivity" and, hence, that as long as we operate with a tenure and promotion system which prioritizes research and devalues teaching and service, women will continue to be paid less than men (across rank and institutional type) and a far smaller percentage of them will be tenured than their male counterparts (see same report for significant differences here). Remember the _biggest_ differences occur among assistant professors, so the tenure process will be especially difficult for women under prvailing criteria. Hope this clears up some issues. Shelley ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 25 Mar 1995 00:04:29 GMT Reply-To: Betsy_Wheeler@wwire.net Sender: Women's Studies List From: Betsy Wheeler Organization: Women's Wire Subject: INTERNSHIP FOR YOUNG WOMEN BPW has internships available in research, public policy and public relations/communications. Any interested student should contact Christopher Turman or Julianne O'Gara at BPW/USA, 2012 Massachusetts, Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20036. (212) 293-1100. Or, you can e-mail me. Betsy Wheeler Betsy_Wheeler@WWire.net ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 25 Mar 1995 10:14:16 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Giavanna Munafo Subject: Re: Sisterhood teleconference I am not in Colorado, but do want to let anyone in the Upper Valley area know that we are going to hook-up to the video-conference here at Dartmouth. All are welcome. Contact me at 603-646-3456 or my email (GIavanna@Dartmouth.edu) for details. Giavanna Munafo ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 25 Mar 1995 10:52:37 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Giavanna Munafo Subject: nwsa women's centers Anyone who is interested in the women's centers caucus of the NWSA can receive information about pre-conference meetings and caucus-sponsored sessions by sending a message to me at "Giavanna.Munafo@Dartmouth.edu". FYI, there will be 3 caucus-sponsored sessions this year, one on WC and WS responses to racism and other oppressions, one on feminism in action, and one on sex and power on campus. Caucus members should re-confirm their membership by contacting me as well. Thanks. Giavanna Munafo NWSA WC Caucus Chair PS: A women's centers subscription list, modeled on this one, should be up and running by the fall. Let me know if you want to subscribe (if you've already cntacted me about this, you are on my list). ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 25 Mar 1995 11:47:57 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List Comments: Converted from OfficeVision to RFC822 by PUMP V2.2X From: "Linda Lopez McAlister, SWIP-L Moderator" Subject: Film Review Added: Muriel's Wedding On Saturday, March 25, 1995 I broadcast a review of "Muriel's Wedding" on "The Women's Show" a feminist/womanist radio magazine on WMNF-FM (88.5) "Radio Free Tampa" in Tampa, FL. It is now available for retrieval from the FILM FILELIST. To obtain this review send the following command to Listserv @UMDD (Bitnet) or UMDD.UMD.EDU (Internet): GET FILM REV138 FILM To obtain a list of all the film reviews available, send a message to the same listserv address that says: INDEX FILM To get more than one review, put each command on a separate line: GET FILM REV6 FILM GET FILM REV14 FILM GET FILM REV39 FILM The opinions expressed in these reviews were mine when I wrote the review and represent one woman's opinion at a particular time.We have over 3000 subscribers to WMST-L so there are probably 2999 other views. If you would like to share yours, please do NOT do so on the WMST-L itself, but send your messages to me personally at the addresses below. I have appreciated the feedback I've received. Thanks. Linda ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 25 Mar 1995 09:42:33 -0800 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Martha Caminero-Santangelo Subject: syphilis and madness In-Reply-To: <199503251648.LAA05666@holmes.umd.edu> Here's an odd query: I recently came across an autobiographical account by a woman (Lara Jefferson) who spent some time in a mental asylum, and seemed to believe that a great deal of mental illness was the inherited result of parents' syphilis. This was around 1947. I was reminded of Ibsen's _Ghosts_. I've always been under the impression that Ibsen was mistaken in assuming that one could go insane as a result of syphilis inherited from a parent. Is my impression correct? And--can anyone point me towards a brief "history of syphilis" that would cover the changing attitudes and beliefs about it? Was Ibsen's notion still commonly accepted in 1947? If so, when was it debunked-- or was it? Marta Caminero-Santangelo eahg267@ea.oac.uci.edu p.s., this DOES have to do with women's studies, I swear! ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 25 Mar 1995 16:04:38 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: DAPHNE PATAI Subject: responding to Qs. about Professing Feminism Hello folks.I'll briefly respond to several questions that were asked on this list (some from a while back) regarding *Professing Feminism * 1. Judy Evans and Iana Pattatucci both asked about quoting from the women's studies e-mail list without permission. Noretta and I have always considered these lists to be bulletin boards rather than private correspondence. How private can correspondence to over 3,000 people be? (Where we did in fact engage in private exchanges on e-mail with people we got to know through the WMST-list, we did ask for permission to quote those exchanges.) 2. About not using people's names: we were interested in portraying (and analyzing) some aspects of the ethos in women's studies programs. We cited mostly instances of things women's studies folks celebrated (on the WMST-list), but which we found disturbing. But we did not want to embarrass anyone; hence we deleted names and institutions. 3. Miriam Pollock thinks our book dismisses women's studies as a field of study. I don't believe that one spends several years writing a book in order to dismiss its subject. Dismissal and critique are quite different things, and women's studies, no more than any other field, should expect or require that it be exempted from critique. In fact, given the claims that are set forth in its name, it should be more open and responsive to critique than other fields with less far-reaching aspirations. It is distressing that this does not appear to be the case. 4. Questions were also raised about our 30 interviews. We followed standard methods in oral history, a field in which I've done much work in the past. 5. Judy Evans criticized our treatment of essentialism and social constructionism. Of course there are many different approaches going on simultaneously in feminist discourse. However, what struck us was the apparent opportunism in some of the veering back and forth between essentialist and soc. const. analyses, depending on which group is being discussed, whether one wants to praise or damn, etc. -- ====================== Daphne.Patai@spanport.umass.edu ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 25 Mar 1995 17:20:25 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: lisa marie sharkey Subject: Re: Syphilis and Madness On March 25 Martha Caminero-Santangelo asked for information on congenital syphilis. This resource may be a little obscure, but there was a book written in 1946 call -VD Manual for Teachers- by Samual Allison M.D., M.P.H. and June Johnson B.S., M.S. It was published by Emerson books. There is a history of the disease giving interesting "facts" such as where it originated, how it got its name and how it was once considered a variation of gonorrhea. The book states clearly that an unborn child can be infected by its mother, but chances of this happening are significantly less if the mother is undergoing treatment. I hope this is helpful, Lisa Sharkey Lsharkey@indiana.edu ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 25 Mar 1995 19:41:34 -0600 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Robin L.E. Hemenway" Subject: Query: Popular Romance Fiction and "True Love" Hi - I am working on a project on Popular Romance ficiton, and I would be interested in hearing other thoughts on this genre. Specifically, I am examining the "Myth of Romantic Love" (to use Bonnie Kreps' phrase), and the idea that in writing AND reading romance fiction women "appopriate" this myth for the purposes of empowerment. "True Love" narratives can be found everywhere, but no other medium seems to be as systematically attacked as "dangerous" to women as mass market romance. Also, in many of the recent studies on romance fiction, there appears to be some underlying assumptions about the socioeconomic and education levels of romance readers, AND about their political ideology (e.g. they are all white, married w/ children, conservative, etc.) I am interested in hearing what other women (and men!) in the academy think about this subject. Please respond to me privately at rhemnway@falcon.cc.ukans.edu Thanks for your help! Robin Hemenway University of Kansas ========================================================================= Date: Sat, 25 Mar 1995 18:51:17 -0700 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Sarah H. Perry" Subject: Re: syphilis and madness In-Reply-To: <199503251744.MAA09149@holmes.umd.edu> On Sat, 25 Mar 1995, Martha Caminero-Santangelo wrote: > Here's an odd query: I recently came across an > autobiographical account by a woman (Lara Jefferson) who > spent some time in a mental asylum, and seemed to believe > that a great deal of mental illness was the inherited result of > parents' syphilis. This was around 1947. I was reminded of > Ibsen's _Ghosts_. I've always been under the impression > that Ibsen was mistaken in assuming that one could go > insane as a result of syphilis inherited from a parent. Is my > impression correct? Marta, there may well be a basis in fact for the belief that one could be insane because of inherited syphilis. Syphilis can be congenital, transmitted from mom to baby. And in its later stages the disease affects the central nervous system. A 1961 edition of the Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy refers to this stage of the disease as "dementia paralytica" although the more recent book I looked in doesn't use the term dementia. So, if a child has congenital syphilis that is not diagnosed and treated--probably the case in 1947--it is quite possible for the disease to progress to the neurosyphilis stage. Thus, the notion of insanity as a result of inherited syphilis. And--can anyone point me towards a > brief "history of syphilis" that would cover the changing > attitudes and beliefs about it? Was Ibsen's notion still > commonly accepted in 1947? If so, when was it debunked-- > or was it? > I'm not sure it was ever bunk, perhaps just misunderstood. Sarah ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 26 Mar 1995 10:38:30 +0200 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Marilyn Safir Subject: Re: syphilis and madness In-Reply-To: <199503260152.UAA00920@holmes.umd.edu> Ibsen was incorrect in "Ghosts" as a father can only pass Syphilis to his children - except indirectly- by infecting the child's mother. In the play mother is not infected. As other s have indicated - if untreated dementia results. I would doubt that there are or even were large percentages of people hospitalized in mental hospitals as a result of untreated syphilis as the person's 'breakdown is both physical as well as mental deterioration. Marilyn Safir ************************************************************************** * Marilyn P. Safir, PhD Internet: msafir@psy.haifa.ac.il * * Associate Professor Telephone: 972-4-240929/21w /245223/022h * * Department of Psychology Fax: 972-4-240966 * * UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA Telex: 46660 UNIHA * * Haifa 31905, Israel Bitnet: RSPS332@HAIFAUVM.bitnet * ************************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 26 Mar 1995 09:30:42 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Tom Digby Subject: Jane Caputi, Michael Kimmel lectures 2 lectures, sponsored by our Women's Studies Program and Womyn's Network, that may be of interest to folks in the New England area: Jane Caputi, feminist author (and collaborator with Mary Daly on WICKEDARY) and American Studies prof at U of New Mexico, is speaking Monday, March 27, at 7 p.m., Great Room, Simon Center, New England College, on "The Pornography of Everyday Life." Michael Kimmel, author of several pro-feminist books (including HISTORY OF PRO-FEMINIST MEN IN AMERICA) and sociologist at Stony Brook, is speaking on "O.J., Iron Mike, Clarence, Tailhook, Woody, and the Rest of Us: Issues for Men & Women in the 90's," Wed., April 5, 7:30 p.m., Science Bldg. Lecture Hall, New England College. Both lectures are free & open to the public. New England College is in Henniker, NH (17 mi. west of Concord, 80 mi. north of Boston). The Simon Center is a large well-lit building on the right a little past the bridge going south on Highway 114 from the center of town. To get to the Science Bldg., continue south on 114, take the first fork to the right, pass the Town Hall, look for a brick building on right, with parking lot on left. -- Tom Digby, Philosophy & Women's Studies, New England College, Henniker, NH 03242 >>> digby@pipeline.com ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 26 Mar 1995 22:35:58 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Cheryl Sattler Subject: Re: Query: Popular Romance Fiction and "True Love" In-Reply-To: <199503260142.UAA21306@holmes.umd.edu> The classic, thoughtful work on this topic in the social sciences is *Reading the Romance* On Sat, 25 Mar 1995, Robin L.E. Hemenway wrote: > Hi - I am working on a project on Popular Romance ficiton, and I would be > interested in hearing other thoughts on this genre. Specifically, I am > examining the "Myth of Romantic Love" (to use Bonnie Kreps' phrase), and > the idea that in writing AND reading romance fiction women "appopriate" > this myth for the purposes of empowerment. "True Love" narratives can be > found everywhere, but no other medium seems to be as systematically > attacked as "dangerous" to women as mass market romance. > > Also, in many of the recent studies on romance fiction, there appears to > be some underlying assumptions about the socioeconomic and education > levels of romance readers, AND about their political ideology (e.g. they > are all white, married w/ children, conservative, etc.) I am interested > in hearing what other women (and men!) in the academy think about this > subject. Please respond to me privately at > > rhemnway@falcon.cc.ukans.edu > > Thanks for your help! > > Robin Hemenway > University of Kansas Cheryl Sattler csattler@cap.gwu.edu ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 26 Mar 1995 23:34:12 -0700 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Jeanne Holland Subject: Sapphira, a racist stereotype? I hope someone will be able to help me with this allusion. The name of the defiant slave woman ancestor in Gloria Naylor's _Mama Day_ is Sapphira. Isn't that also the name of a racist stereotype for a "bossy" Black woman, a "henpecker"? I think I read about the Sapphira stereotype somewhere but I can't remember the source. Also wasn't Sapphira the name of either Amos or Andy's wife on that same radio/TV show (and her character was depicted as overbearing)? I'd greatly appreciate help on this question as I'm advising a student on her master's thesis. Please reply privately to JHOLLAND@UWYO.EDU Many thanks. Jeanne Holland ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 09:37:00 -0500 Reply-To: Cynthia Harrison Sender: Women's Studies List From: Cynthia Harrison Subject: The 1995 World Youth Leaders Conference, Seoul, Korea (fwd) Forwarded message ---------- Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 03:05:03 -0500 (EST) From: Stephanie J. Kim To: rfpicr@nicarao Subject: The 1995 World Youth Leaders Conference, Seoul, Korea (fwd) Dear Feminist International Radio Endeavor: My name is Stephanie Kim and I am part of the Organizing Committee for the 1995 World Youth Leaders Conference. I was surfing the internet and was surprised to see that our conference was not listed in the United Nations 50th anniversary conference electronic bulletin board. We ask in order for students, professors, and media to be aware of this international gathering that you include this conference in your internet system. The following is a copy of invitation letters mailed to university presidents worldwide. Could you also distribute via email this letter to other internet servers who may be interested or who may be helpful to this conference? Is there anyone in your organization who may be interested in becoming a guest speaker at the conference? Thank you so much for your cooperation. Stephanie J. Kim Kyung Hee University Seoul, Korea Please note that I can be reached at the kyunghee internet address as well as the gwu.edu address. If you could email a message in confirmation that you received this message, I would be very grateful. [Ms. Kim would like to see participation from women's studies students in this conference. Cynthia Harrison, GWU, harrison@gwis2.circ.gwu.edu -------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Thu, 23 Mar 95 14:36:48 KST From: C.I.E To: skim@gwis2.circ.gwu.edu Subject: conf. 1995 World Youth Leaders Conference Organizing Committee Committee for International Exchanges Tel.+82-2-961-0030/0032 Kyung Hee University Fax +82-2-962-4343 Seoul 130-701, Korea Internet: cie@nms.kyunghee.ac.kr skim@gwis2.circ.gwu.edu Dear international relations organizations: The imminent 21st century offers a diversity of challenges that requires us as educators and as leaders to ponder the exigencies of today's youth. Under such vast undertakings, we want to support your educational endeavors by examining various humanitarian and social issues that affect youths as they prepare to take the helm of global leadership. We are inviting you to kindly send us two student representatives of the student government or international relations group on university campuses in your area or from your organization to participate in the 1995 World Youth Leaders Conference which will be held in Seoul, Korea from May 30 to June 3. Hosted by the United Nations, The Government of the Republic of Korea, and Kyung Hee University, this international conference will be based on the theme, "The Role of the New Generation in the Age of Globalization: What Should We Prepare for in the 21st Century?" and is held in celebrating the 50th anniversary of the United Nations and the 10th anniversary of the U.N. Year of Youth. An impressive array of scholars along with university students from all over the world will gather at this conference as keynote and guest speakers, participants, and observers. This conference will provide young leaders with an avenue to exchange ideas and to plan for the future. Part II ("The Basic Scheme for the 21st Century Proposed by the New Generation") of the conference will highlight student perspectives on topics which will be roughly divided as follows: Sub-Committee I--Political and Economic Views; Sub-Committee II--Social and Cultural Views; Sub-Committee III--Morality ahd Humanity. We are also presently selecting students as paper presenters (2 for each of the 3 sub-committees) discussants, (2 for each of the 3 sub-committees), and moderators (1 for each of the 3 sub-committees) for Part II. If students are interested in presenting a paper, please have them submit the following as soon as possible (preferably by April 20, 1995): a copy of a 20-minute speech, a disk (Microsoft Word/Word Perfect/any ASCII format) on which students have their speech on file, and a curriculum vitae/resume. The general nature of the subjects will allow for much lattitude in writing speeches which will analyze the issues and problems of the contemporary world and which will prescribe solutions. Please keep in mind, however, the theme of the conference as a whole, as mentioned above. Discussants will present a 10-minute rebuttal of the positions of the paper presenters. The rebuttals must be submitted to us along with a disk copy (Microsoft Word/Word Perfect/any ASCII format) and a curriculum vitae/resume. Discussants will be faxed the papers of the paper presenters once they are selected. The papers selected and the discussants' commentaries will be published in the proceedings. Please note that the official language of the conference is English. All foreign participants will be provided with hotel accommodations for five nights and six days at the Olympic Parktel located in Seoul and free hotel dining, and the registration fee will be waived. We are in the process of negotiating with our Korean Airlines sponsor a 20 percent to 40 percent discounted ticket for foreign student participants. Furthermore, if you are selected as a paper presenter for the conference, we will provide you with a round-trip airline ticket. For delegates serving as moderators or discussants, we will grant them a small financial sum to defray the costs of miscellaneous expenses. Other activities that will run during the five-day conference include a tour of the Korean Folk Village and industrial sites, a dance festival, musical concerts, a ballet show, traditional costume festivals among participants, and other social activities. I wish to thank you for finding time in your busy schedules to consider our request. We encourage you to let us know whether anyone in your organization is interested or whether anyone in your organization knows of any students interested in participating at this conference. Please let us know by fax-transmitted letter as soon as possible. If you prefer to respond via e-mail, please refer to the internet address listed above. If there is anything that the Organizing Committee may help you with, please feel free to contact us: Kyung Hee University, ATTN: The Organizing Committee on the 1995 World Youth Leaders Conference, Office for International Exchanges, 1 Hoegi-dong, Tongdaemun-ku, Seoul 130-701, Korea, tel. +82-2-961-0030/0032, fax +82-2-962-4343. I look forward to seeing you in the summer. Sincerely yours, Young Seek Choue, Ph.D. Chairman, The Organizing Committee for the 1995 World Youth Leaders Conference Perpetual-President-Emeritus, International Association of University Presidents Chancellor, Kyung Hee University System ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 10:00:41 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "N.A. Slonneger" Subject: May activities Each May, Transylvania University has a four-week session during which each student takes one class and studies it intensively. I will be teaching my first feminist philosophy class this year during May Term. I am writing to the list to request information concerning art shows, conferences, and other relevant activities to which I might take my students (so far there are only five so the possibilities are wide open) between April 26 and May 23. We are located in Lexington, KY and could travel as far as Chicago, Nashville, Cincinnati, Louisville, and possibly St. Louis. Any suggestions would be welcome! Please reply privately to: NSLONNEGER@MUSIC.TRANSY.EDU Nancy Slonneger Transylvania University ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 10:34:03 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Mary Davidson Subject: Re: Feminist Spirituality Festivals Yes, i am very interested in both of these events please send information to me at Columbia Greene Community College Box 1000, Hudson, New York..12534, thank you so much..Mary Davidson ========================================================================= Date: Sun, 26 Mar 1995 11:22:56 CST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Laurie Perkins Subject: Re: syphilis and madness In-Reply-To: Message of Sat, 25 Mar 1995 09:42:33 -0800 from Marta asked about the possibility of insanity as a result of a parent's syphilis.. There is a mental disorder (periesis?) that is occurs in the advanced stages of syphilis, in *some* people. That is, some people with syphilis develop this later stage and some don't. I heard a rumor that Idi Amin suffered from this. It seems possible then that if a child was born with syphilis, the child could also develop madness, of the form I mention above or some other. hope this helps, Laurie c34870lp@wuvmd.wustl.edu ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 11:51:07 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List Comments: W: Incorrect or incomplete address field found and ignored. From: Julie Tharp Subject: Re: Query: Popular Romance Fiction and "True Love" In-Reply-To: your message of Sat Mar 25 19:41:34 -0600 1995 Another more recent book on the subject is DANGEROUS MEN AND ADVENTUROUS WOMEN: ROMANCE WRITERS ON THE APPEAL OF THE ROMANCE. I don't remember where I read it, but I understood that many romance readers were professional women who needed an escape valve from the double shift of work and children. Julie Tharp jtharp@uwcmail.uwc.edu ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 09:02:00 -0700 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Karen Kidd Subject: Re: syphilis and madness Marta Caminero-Santangelo wanted some info on syphilis and madness. Yes, a form of madness (called "paresis") is associated with the final stages of syphilis, though I'm not sure that everyone whose disease persists to the final stages gets paresis. But many do. Unfortunately, before the advent of modern psychology/psychiatry, it was common for people to ascribe to syphilis any form of madness. I'm writing my dissertation on Carry Nation, widely reported to have died of "paresis." I've been able to document 5 generations of affective disorder (clearly NOT brought on by syphilis; the symptoms were vastly different!) in her family lineage. But, unfortunately for Carry, she died in 1911--the same year that the Wasserman test was first used in America (before that, there was no scientific way to diagnose syphilis). So there was no way to "clear her" of this scandalous assumption (until now, of course!). Poor prudish Carry; had she lived to find out that everyone thought she died of syphilis, she would've died of mortification! (Actually, she had a stroke which involved partial paralysis; the doctor cited "paresis," which is ALSO a medical term that means paralysis, on her death certificate--but the journalists associated it with the syphi- litic madness popularly known by the same term. Obviously, a woman who acts out in the way Carry did must've been a degenerate, right?!). You might read two books that I've found helpful. Sorry, I can't recall the authors' names. One is called *A Social History of Madness*, and the other (which relates specifically to syphilis, and the search for a cure) is called *No Magic Bullet.* Hope this helps. -- Karen KIdd kkidd@rocky.claremont.edu ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 13:27:43 -0600 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Laura C. Sullivan" Subject: Re: Women's Studies course criteria >Colleagues, > >We are developing a Women's Studies major and are discussing >the criteria needed for a course to be included/defined as >"women's studies." > >I would like to hear what criteria other programs have decided >on when including a course as a "women's studies" course. > >Please respond privately, >Thank you. > >J. Periale >Lesley College >les_roth@flo.org I have received over twenty requests for this information, but no information! I'm sorry that I waited so long to reply. ************************** Laura C. Sullivan laurasul@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu ************************** ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 14:44:21 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Joan Korenman Subject: Re: Women's Studies course criteria >We are developing a Women's Studies major and are discussing >the criteria needed for a course to be included/defined as >"women's studies." > >I would like to hear what criteria other programs have decided >on when including a course as a "women's studies" course. This topic has been discussed on WMST-L in the past. A selection of messages is contained in the WMST-L file CROSSLST POLICIES. To get it, send the message GET CROSSLST POLICIES to LISTSERV@UMDD.UMD.EDU. To get a list of ALL the files available, add a second line that says INDEX WMST-L. It's always a good idea to check the WMST-L filelist--there's lots of useful information there. Another way to find what's been discussed on WMST-L in the past is to send LISTSERV a message asking it to search the logfiles. Instructions for sending such a message are contained in two files, DUMMY GUIDE and SEARCH LOGFILES. To get them, send the message GET DUMMY GUIDE GET SEARCH LOGFILES to LISTSERV@UMDD.UMD.EDU. Be sure to send these messages to LISTSERV, not to WMST-L. Do not hit reply! I hope this helps. Joan Korenman Internet: korenman@umbc2.umbc.edu Bitnet: korenman@umbc ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 14:54:39 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Melissa Dean Subject: MacKinnon research A couple of weeks ago, I recall some list participant recalling her experiences concerning the 1992 prostitution conference at the University of Michigan & the controversy that ensued when Professor MacKinnon allegedly had several works "censored". I don't recall the participant's name/e-mail address, but I would like to contact this individual personally via e-mail, as I am doing some research on this very topic. Any person who attended this conference, in addition to the specific individual who posted her experience/observations, is invited to contact me privately. Thank you in advance. Melissa Dean Cleveland-Marshall College of Law mdean@omega.csuohio.edu ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 13:46:10 -0700 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Rose Mary Volbrecht Subject: query: innovative designs in prison and community programs From: Jane Rinehart Hi! I am working with a student who is researching innovative designs in prison and community programs for female offenders. Does anyone have knowledge of written references on this topic--articles, books? Also, Critiques of traditional programs would be useful. Thank you! --Jane Rinehart Sociology, Women's Studies Gonzaga University ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 19:33:31 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Prema Oza Subject: Re: MacKinnon research In-Reply-To: <199503271955.OAA32687@holmes.umd.edu> from "Melissa Dean" at Mar 27, 95 02:54:39 pm i thought this may of interest to everyone. mackinnon was cited in a recent canadian press story in regards to the paul teale sex assault and manslaughter trial. the case has shaken the small southern ontario community in brampton and elsewhere. it has received a great deal of national and international publicity. mackinnon has been asked to review some _porn_ tapes allegedly recorded by teale involving his victims. -- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ "Truth is one, paths are many." - Transcendental Meditation cult leader, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 19:36:42 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Prema Oza Subject: Re: query: innovative designs in prison and community programs In-Reply-To: <199503272148.QAA20308@holmes.umd.edu> from "Rose Mary Volbrecht" at Mar 27, 95 01:46:10 pm > > From: Jane Rinehart > > Hi! > I am working with a student who is researching innovative designs > in prison and community programs for female offenders. Does anyone have > knowledge of written references on this topic--articles, books? Also, > Critiques of traditional programs would be useful. > Thank you! > > --Jane Rinehart > Sociology, Women's Studies > Gonzaga University > how about UNCJIN (UN criminal justice info network)? i seem to recall that joan has their email address. there has recently been a dicscussion on prison standards in canada and the us and i'm sure a post to them would yield some info. -- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ "Truth is one, paths are many." - Transcendental Meditation cult leader, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 20:49:57 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Kathleen A Lahey Subject: Re: Bias in teaching evaluations I am a lesbian law professor at a Canadian university that is currently trying to formulate guidelines on the use of teaching evaluations in situations in which bias on account of race, gender, or sexual orientation might be a factor. Please send me any references you might have on how to compensate for bias in teaching evaluations by students, as well as references on the existence of bias on account of race and sexual orientations. I have not been able to access the literature on anything but gender bias thus far. Also please forward this message to any list you think might be appropriate. Thank you for your assistance. Kathy Lahey, Faculty of Law, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. CA ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 21:16:28 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Constance J Ostrowski Subject: Re: Bias in teaching evaluations Susan Basow has a copyrighted piece entitled "Student Ratings of Professors Are Not Gender Blind" available on the net. I found it on the Binghamton (NY) Women's Studies gopher, though other WS gophers may very well (in fact, probably) have it also. Connie Ostrowski ostroc@rpi.edu ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 21:52:50 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Charlene E. Deering" Subject: Re: MacKinnon research Is there a place to find some of MacKinnon's work on the net? ========================================================================= Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 23:40:44 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Joan Korenman Subject: Re: Bias in teaching evaluations Connie Ostrowski writes: > Susan Basow has a copyrighted piece entitled "Student Ratings of Professors > Are Not Gender Blind" available on the net. I found it on the Binghamton > (NY) Women's Studies gopher, though other WS gophers may very well (in fact, > probably) have it also. Susan's piece can also be found right here in the WMST-L file collection (where, in fact, it may have first appeared online), along with a compilation of WMST-L messages about the relationship between gender and teaching evaluations. The two files are called TEACHING EVAL (the messages) and TEACHING EVAL2 (Susan Basow's essay). To retrieve them, send the following two-line message to LISTSERV@UMDD.UMD.EDU: GET TEACHING EVAL GET TEACHING EVAL2 And if you want to get a list of all the files that are available, add a third line that says INDEX WMST-L. Joan Korenman Internet: korenman@umbc2.umbc.edu Bitnet: korenman@umbc ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 07:08:51 -0400 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Diane Clark Subject: Re: syphilis and madness Many older adults with third stage syphilis did have dementia and were in mental hospitals in the '60's and early 70's. The staff often referred to them as having the syphilis shuffle. One of the CNS areas attacked by third stage syphilis is the motor cortex-- i.e., they no longer picked up their feet to walk. Diane ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 10:53:00 CST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Tzivia Segal Subject: Re: MacKinnon research I believe the writer's name was Pauline Bart. She is a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and may be listed in the phone book. She has done extensive research on women's resistance to rape, among other issues. Good luck ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 12:33:47 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "David F. Austin" Subject: Re: MacKinnon research >Is there a place to find some of MacKinnon's work on the net? The only place that I know of is: The Michigan Telecommunications and Technology Law Review http://www.umich.edu/~umlaw/mttlr.html where a transcript of a discussion of on-line harassment includes her contributions. It would be good if someone (else) could compile a MacKinnon bibliography for on-line posting. David. David F. Austin Associate Professor of Philosophy and Assistant Head Department of Philosophy and Religion Winston Hall 101A Box 8103, NCSU Raleigh, NC 27695-8103 (919) 515-6102 FAX (919) 515-7856 ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 13:17:00 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Patricia McRAe Subject: Jane Rinehart's message From mcrae Tue Mar 28 13:14 EST 1995 To: wmst@umdd.umd.edu Cc: max.muhlberg.edu!mcrae Subject: Re: Jane Rinehart's request for infomation on prisons Content-Type: text Content-Length: 604 Status: R Jane, I moderate a list called PRISON-L@dartcms1.dartmouth.edu. The list is for inmate educators, prison administrators, and researchers. Please feel free to post your query to that list. We have a very international member- ship and I think you would get some interesting responses. You might also want to check prison-l logs for an essay by one list member who visited prisons in Lahore, Pakistan last year. I would have corresponded directly to you but your email address was not provided. Patricia McRAe Department of Political Science Muhlenberg College Allentown, Pa. mcrae@max.muhlberg.edu ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 13:31:04 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Shelley Haley Subject: Conference Announcement I'd like to announce the following conference: Communities in Dialogue: Women of Color's Stories and Struggles, a conference sponsored by SOCI (Sisters of Color International) and hamilton College will focus on the stories and struggles of women of color communities around issues of color, class, sexulaity, nation, health, migration and violence. Invited speakers are Dr. Jacqui Alexander aand Dr. Haunani Kay Trask. It will be held at Hamilton College, Clinton, NY April 21-23. If you would like a conference brochure please e-mail privately; if you would like further information about the conference please e-mail the conference organizer, Papusa Molina (mmolina@itsmail1.hamilton.edu). Thanks, Shelley Haley shaley@itsmail1.hamilton.edu ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 04:38:00 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Sara Jonsberg Subject: welfare list? Does anyone know of a bulletin board list focused on discussion of welfare, welfare reform, etc.? It seems to me that such a list was discussed on THIS list some time back, but I can't recall the details. I would very much like to know how to subscribe if such exists. With thanks, Sara jonsberg@saturn.montclair.edu ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 16:03:04 CST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Silvia Jo Lesko Subject: Domestic Violence Conference Announcement Texas Woman's University College of Nursing Department of Psychology and Philosophy Department of Sociology and Social Work present Domestic Violence: Solutions April 28-29, 1995 TWU Campus Denton, Texas Program Overview The Domestic Violence: Solutions Conference will bring together mental health and health care professionals, individuals working in the field of domestic violence, and law enforcement professionals to address and present programs, therapies, models, and research. The goal of the conference is to inform and empower participants to become agents for change in their communities. Workshops, panel discussions, and paper/poster presentations will provide opportunities for participation, networking, and reflection on one of the leading causes of death and injury in America today. Objectives The Domestic Violence: Solutions conference has been designed: 1) To present the relationship between sexism/ageism and violence 2) To provide participants with a framework with which to evaluate, utilize, and implement results from assessment tools 3) To discuss assessment and treatment issues for each member of the family: the individual who has been battered, the individual who is battering, other family members. 4) To present models for effective intervention and treatment of the individual who has been battered, the individual who is battering, and other family members. 5) To discuss the ethical issues in working with families in which violence has occurred 6) To provide a forum for the presentation of current research on solutions to domestic violence. 7) To allow interaction between professionals from the various disciplines that are involved in the treatment of family violence and its victims and perpetrators. Featured Speakers Jeffry A. Basen-Engquist, M.A. is a consultant, educator, and social advocate in the field of Domestic Violence. He is a member of the board of directors of the Child Abuse Prevention Network and a national council member of the National Organization for Men Against Sexism, as well as a member (and former director) of the Texas Council on Family Violence and a former president of the Greater Houston Area Council on Family Violence. He holds an M.A. in Psychology from the University of Houston and a B.S. in Psychology from Tulane University. Mr. Basen-Engquist is in demand as a consultant and trainer throughout the country and the state of Texas. His awards include the 1993 Texas Women's Political Caucus Good Guy Award, the 1988 Statewide Leadership Award from the Texas Council on Family Violence, and the Houston Area Women's Center Community Service Award in 1985. Dr. Michele Harway is an active researcher and clinician. She has published and presented in the area of women's development, battering, and abuse of women by men. She is a fellow of the American Psychological Association. Dr. Harway is currently a Core Faculty member at the California Family Study Center where she regularly presents workshops on domestic violence for mental health professionals. Dr. Harway's two most recent books are: Battering and Family Therapy: A Feminist Perspective, 1993 (Sage) and Spouse Abuse: Assessing and Treating Adults and Their Children, 1994 (Professional Resource Press). Kendall Evans is co-founder and Director of Another Way---A program for stopping violence and abuse. He is also co-founder of the Los Angeles County Association for Batterers' Intervention Programs. As a past volunteer for the Los Angeles County Domestic Violence Council, Mr. Evans co-authored The Los Angeles County Guidelines for Batterers' Treatment. He regularly presents workshops on batterers' treatment for therapists and therapists in training. He is a clinical supervisor at the California Family Study Center and at Open Paths Community Counseling Center. He is co-author (with Michele Harway) of "Working with Men who Batter" in M. Andronico (Ed.) Men in Groups: Realities and Insights, in press (APA Books). Dr. Edward Gondolf is Associate Director of Research for the Mid-Atlantic Addiction Training Institute, and Professor of Sociology at Indiana University of Pennsylvania near Pittsburgh. He is currently leading a federally-funded evaluation of batterer intervention programs in Houston, Dallas, Pittsburgh, and Boston, along with studies on alcohol and domestic violence, exit criteria for batterer programs, court action in domestic violence cases, and community-based assistance for domestic violence cases. Dr. Gondolf is Research Consultant for the National Resource Center of Domestic Violence and, in that role, is leading a project on identifying domestic violence in mental health settings. He has authored numerous articles and books on domestic violence, including Battered Women as Survivors and Psychiatric Response to Family Violence. Who Should Attend Family counselors, nurses, social workers, psychologists, physicians, woman's shelter personnel, law enforcement personnel, health care providers, gerontologists, attorneys, and others working with families who are touched by domestic violence are encouraged to attend. Conference Schedule Friday, April 28, 1995 8:00 - 9:00 am Registration & Continental Breakfast/Poster Presentations 9:00 - 9:15 Welcome and Introductions 9:15 - 10:15 Keynote Address - Jeff Basen-Engquist - "The Relationship Between Sexism and Violence Against Women" 10:15 - 10:45 Break/Poster Presentations 10:45-noon Panel on Assessment Instruments noon-1:30 Lunch with Speaker 1:30 - 5:00 Workshop - Michele Harway and Ken Evans "Assessment and Treatment Issues for Each Family Member" 5:30 - 7:30 Vendors and Networking Mixer (cash bar & hors d oeuvres) Saturday, April 29, 1995 8:30 - 9:00 Continental Breakfast 9:00 - 9:45 Keynote - Ed Gondolf "Controversies in Battering Intervention" 9:45 - 10:00 Break and Vendors/Poster Presentations 10:00 - 10:45 Breakout Sessions 11:00 - 11:45 Breakout Sessions noon-12:45 Box Lunches 1:00 - 4:30 Workshop - Ed Gondolf "Research on Approaches to the Treatment of Batterers" 4:30 - 4:45 Evaluation/Closing Remarks 7:00 - midnight Optional trip to Fort Worth Stock Yard District for dinner and dancing Location Texas Woman's University is a comprehensive public university, primarily for women, offering baccalaureate, master's and doctoral degree programs. A teaching and research institution, the university emphasizes the liberal arts and specialized or professional studies. The main campus in Denton, Texas is 35 miles north of Dallas and Fort Worth and is easily accessible via the Dallas/Fort Worth regional airport. Lodging A block of rooms has been reserved at The Holiday Inn Denton, 1500 Dallas Drive in Denton. To receive the discounted fee of $45 per night, call (817)387-3511 before April 10, 1995 and identify yourself as a participant in the TWU Domestic Violence Conference. Transportation will be available between the hotel and the TWU campus. Refund/Cancellation Policy If you find it necessary to cancel your registration, you may receive a refund, less a $15.00 processing fee. To receive the refund, you must submit written notification at least 7 days before the program. Substitutions may be made at any time. Continuing Education reserves the right to cancel this course if sufficient enrollment is not met. In the event of program cancellation, TWU s liability is limited to the program fee. Credits and CEUs The Domestic Violence: Solutions conference has been approved for 12 contact hours (1.2 CEUs) for Licensed Professional Counselors, Social Workers, and Psychologists, and has been submitted for CNE type I credit approval. Registration and Fees The early bird registration fee for the conference is $125, which includes instruction, refreshment breaks, lunch on Friday and Saturday, and conference materials. After April 12, 1995, the registration fee is $150. Those wishing to participate in an optional trip to Fort Worth's Historic Stockyard District for an evening of dinner and dancing on Saturday should enclose a $25 fee to handle transportation to and from Fort Worth. To register for the conference, send your name, social security number, job title, employer, address (include city, state, and zip code), and a daytime telephone number to F_LESKO@TWU.Venus.edu. Registration by mastercard or visa, or by company purchase order can be finalized via E-Mail. To register with a check, send your name and address to f_LESKO@twu.venus.edu and we will send you a conference brochure and registration form. For further information, call the conference coordinator, Silvia Lesko, at (817) 898-3411. ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 16:36:54 CST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Jackie Wilkie Subject: Sources by women I team teach in a course that every first year student at Luther College is required to take. The course is team taught by the history and english departments. In the fall semester we teach a unit on ancient greece and one on sixteenth century Europe, in the spring we tach on modern china and american ethnicity. Throughout the course we try to pay equal attention to men and women or the position of women in each of the societies we are examining. The first semester of the course is currently being redesigned. One of the problems with the first semester has been the paucity of materials written by women from the eras we are studying. We have secondary, history monographs written by women. What we are seeking are suggestions for imaginitive fiction, poetry, prose written by women in fifth century athens (fat chance that anything from then would be preserved), or more hopefully sixteenth century western Europe. I hope you will note that what we are trying to do is open up the traditional western civ great texts approach. Please reply privately to Jacqueline S. Wilkie wilkieja@martin.luther.edu Women's Studies Coordinator Luther College Decorah, IA ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 17:43:00 EDT Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Joan Korenman Subject: 2 jobs, 1 conference The following three announcements may interest WMST-L readers: 1) Job: Assistant Archivist, Iowa Women's Archives 2) Job: Director, Women's Studies (Queens College) 3) Conference: Summit on Violence Against Women For more information, please contact the people named in the announcements, not WMST-L or me. Joan Korenman (korenman@umbc2.umbc.edu) ************************************************************* 1) Assistant Archivist Iowa Women's Archives University of Iowa Libraries Iowa City, Iowa The Louise Noun - Mary Louise Smith Iowa Women's Archives was established in 1992 at the University of Iowa Libraries. The primary mission of the archives is to collect, preserve, organize, describe, and make available primary source material on the history of Iowa women. The archives holds more than 500 linear feet of personal papers and organization records. Funding for the archives is provided through an endowment developed specifically for this purpose. Position description: This is a two-year term appointment to identify and collect the papers of African-American women in the state of Iowa and at the University of Iowa. Primary responsibilities will be to identify and contact potential donors of materials and arrange their transfer to the archives and to conduct or oversee oral history interviews with selected individuals. The position is funded by private donations and corporate grants to the University of Iowa Foundation. Required: Graduate study or a graduate degree in archives administration, library science, history, American studies, African- American studies, women's studies, or a related field; and excellent oral and written communication skills. The candidate must be willing to travel, primarily within Iowa. Preferred: Prior archival experience; knowledge of African-American history and women's history in the United States. Salary and Appointment: Appointment rank and salary will be based on relevant experience and educational background. Appointment will be made at the Librarian I or II level. Salary range: $27,000 - $31,000. The University offers an attractive package of benefits including 24 days of paid vacation per year, TIAA/CREF retirement, and a flexible selection of medical, life insurance, dental, vision, childcare credit, and additional benefits. The UI Libraries: The UI Library system consists of the Main Library and 11 departmental libraries (Art, Music, Business, and The Sciences, including the health sciences). With some 3 million volumes, the collections of the UI Libraries rank 27 out of 107 in the Association of Research Libraries. The Libraries' NOTIS-based automated system is called OASIS. The University is a member of the Research Libraries Group and is in the process of implementing OCLC. Staff are actively engaged in national cooperative efforts, including cooperative cataloging. The Libraries provide a program of support for professional development activities. Environment -- The University and Iowa City: A major research and teaching institution, the University of Iowa offers recognized programs in a wide variety of areas. The University consists of a faculty of some 1,600 serving over 28,000 students, 9,00 of whom are registered in graduate degree programs. Iowa City is a community with excellent educational, recreational, and cultural advantages, and is readily accessible via interstate highways and a major airport only 30 miles away. Application procedure: Applications received by April 21, 1995 will receive first consideration. Qualified individuals should submit a letter of application, resume, and the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of three references to: Barbara I. Dewey, Director of Adminstrative and Access Services, University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City, IA 52242. (319) 335-5867. MINORITIES AND WOMEN ARE PARTICULARLY ENCOURAGED TO APPLY. THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA IS AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER. *************************************************************************** 2) DIRECTOR, WOMEN'S STUDIES Queens College Assistant, Associate, or Professor at Queens College with joint appt at CUNY Graduate School/Univ. Center starting 9/95. Primary commitment to building Women's Studies Program at QC. Tenure or tenure-track, with strong pref for assoc or full prof. Academic discipline open. Ph.D req'd, with strong record of publications/teaching excellence. Salary commensurate with quals/ exp. Range: Asst, $29,931-$52,213; Assoc, $39,003 -$62,394; Prof, $48,414-$74,98O. Send letter/vita + 3 letters of ref to Prof. P. Clough, Women's Studies Search, Sociology Dept, Queens College/CUNY, Flushing, NY 11367. AA/EOE/ADA. Review of applications will begin April 6, 1995. From: The Chronicle of Higher Education, March 31, 1995 *************************************************************************** 3) Z*I*S*V*A*W ZONTA INTERNATIONAL SUMMIT ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN JUNE 8-10, 1995 Washington, DC WHAT The ZONTA INTERNATIONAL SUMMIT ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (Z*I*S*V*A*W) seeks to recognize causes, costs, and consequences of and initiate action to eradicate all violence against women. WHEN - June 8 - 10, 1995 WHERE - Sheraton Premiere at Tysons Corner, VA (suburban Washington) WHO Z*I*S*V*A*W will assemble experts on all areas of violence to determine: What has been done, What needs to be done, Prioritize all efforts. We invite women and men with the desire, power, and commitment to make a change: ---public officials---legal and judicial experts---law enforcement officials---business executives ---academics---therapists---health professionals---members of ZONTA and other organizations with an interest in improving the status of women. HOW The Plenary Sessions and numerous discussion groups will address the causes, costs and consequences of such forms of violence against women as domestic violence, rape, female genital mutilation, pornography, violence in entertainment, gender bias in medical care, gender bias in education. Saturday afternoon will be devoted to developing POSITIVE ACTIONS to be taken by individuals, organizations and governments to eradicate this form of violence from society. Z*I*S*V*A*W is sponsored by ZONTA International, a world-wide service organization of executives in business and the professions working together to advance the status of women, and the ZONTA International Foundation , a 501(c)(3) non-profit charitable organization, which raises and oversees funds used to support and promote the global service programs of ZONTA International. Registration Fees Normal (before March 1) $225 Late (March 1-April 30) $275 On-site (After May 1) $325 Saturday - June 10 only $150 Registration Includes Reception (Cash Bar) June 8, Lunch And Dinner And Breaks On June 9 And 10, And All Registration Materials. CONTACT FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: PAT FLUHARTY, CHAIRMAN (607) 648-8928 Please tell us where you saw this brochure__________________________________Thank You! *************************************************************************** ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 17:45:00 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: Giavanna Munafo Subject: teen 'zines A colleague asked me today if I knew of any magazines appropriate for young teens, ages 13-16, say, that are an alternative to things like _Mademoiselle_. If anyone has any good suggestions, please let me know. I have already been told to recommend _Young Voices_ and _Stone Soup_. Thanks, Giavanna Giavanna@Dartmouth.edu ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 19:02:55 EST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: bxu@CUNYVMS1.GC.CUNY.EDU Subject: Call for Papers: Muse(s) CALL FOR PAPERS "Musing on the Muse: The Erotics of Inspiration" For proposed special session for 1995 MLA convention, to be chaired by Irene Tayler of MIT, author of _Holy Ghosts: The Male Muses of Emily and Charlotte Bronte_, and (I hope) for eventual publication. Seeking brief abstracts or papers on the muse, particularly aspects involving gender and/or erotics of inspiration. Feminist and queer critiques especially welcome, as gender assumptions underlying most traditional literary theory--poet is male, muse female--are detrimental both to many writers and to impartial judgment of their work. Analyses of specific writers--women and men with male as well as female muses--are welcome, along with theoretical, psychoanalytical, and historical considerations of the muse. Looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible; MLA deadline is April 7. Please forgive the scant notice. Thank you. Barbara Ungar Adjunct Assistant Professor of English City College, CUNY 138 St. at Convent Ave. NYC, NY 10031 (212) 650-8983 bxu@cunyvms1.gc.cuny.edu ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 18:08:00 MST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Lisa M. Pettitt" This is another secondary source, but it's well referenced, so it might have a citation that would direct you to the 5th century Athens work in particular. It's The Chalice and the Blad: Our History, Our Future by Riane Eisler Copyright 1987, HarperSanFrancisco ISBN 0-06-250289-1 Good luck. By the way, it's *The Chalice and the Blade* Lisa Pettitt lpettitt@du.edu ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 18:17:00 MST Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Lisa M. Pettitt" Giavanna, I'm not sure if this is geared exactly to your age range (maybe more for the younger end), but the magazine is called _New Moon_ and it's published out of Duluth, MN. It's a magazine run and written by and for girls. There's also a _New Moon Parenting_ magazine for parents. Lisa Pettitt lpettitt@du.edu 3 ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 20:33:17 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Charlene E. Deering" Subject: Re: MacKinnon research >>Is there a place to find some of MacKinnon's work on the net? >The only place that I know of is: >The Michigan Telecommunications and Technology Law Review >http://www.umich.edu/~umlaw/mttlr.html >where a transcript of a discussion of on-line harassment >includes her contributions. Thanks. I'll try that. >It would be good if someone (else) could compile a >MacKinnon bibliography for on-line posting. Good idea, I did receive one via email from one of the other memebers of the list. If she misses this and doesn't post it, I will. Charlene Charlene Deering femina@delphi.com ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 19:32:51 -0600 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: gretchen wood Subject: Re: How to stop mail temporarily (User's Guide) WMST-L NOMAIL ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 18:43:32 -0800 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Catherine R. Williams" Subject: Re: How to stop mail temporarily (User's Guide) WMST-L NOMAIL Catherine Williams Department of Library and Information Science, UCLA cwilliam@ucla.edu From there to here, from here to there, funny things are everywhere. Dr. Seuss ========================================================================= Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 21:53:00 -0500 Reply-To: Women's Studies List Sender: Women's Studies List From: "Prema Oza." Subject: Re: teen 'zines In-Reply-To: <199503282247.RAA21078@holmes.umd.edu> from "Giavanna Munafo" at Mar 28, 95 05:45:00 pm > > A colleague asked me today if I knew of any magazines appropriate for > young teens, ages 13-16, say, that are an alternative to things like > _Mademoiselle_. If anyone has any good suggestions, please let me know. I > have already been told to recommend _Young Voices_ and _Stone Soup_. > Thanks, Giavanna > > Giavanna@Dartmouth.edu > how about:_new moon:the magazine for girls and their dreams_ it's allegedly created by girls and women for every girl who wants her voice heard and her dreams taken seriously. that's a quote, btw. i hope it's a _representative_ as it sounds... -- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ "Truth is one, paths are many." - Transcendental Meditation cult leader, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^